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| Sexually Transmitted |
FACT
SHEET
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Reported STDs in the United States
2014 National Data for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis
NOVEMBER 2015
This fact sheet summarizes 2014 data on chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis published in CDC’s annual report,
Sexually
Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2014
(available at
www.cdc.gov/std/stats
). The data are based on state and local STD
case reports from a variety of private and public sources. They indicate that the majority of cases are reported in non-STD
clinic settings, such as private physician offices and health maintenance organizations.
Many cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis continue to go undiagnosed and unreported, and data on several
additional STDs — such as human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, and trichomoniasis — are not routinely reported
to CDC. As a result, the annual surveillance report captures only a fraction of the true burden of STDs in America.
However, it provides important insights into the scope, distribution, and trends in STD diagnoses in the country.
STDs are a substantial health challenge facing the United States. CDC estimates that nearly 20 million new sexually
transmitted infections occur every year in this country, half among young people aged 15–24, and account for almost
$16 billion in health care costs. Each of these infections is a potential threat to an individual’s immediate and long-term
health and well-being. In addition to increasing a person’s risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV infection, STDs can lead
to severe reproductive health complications, such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
Snapshot: STDs in the United States, 2014
In 2014, increases were seen in all three nationally report
ed STDs. The approximately 1.4 million cases of chlamydia
represent the highest number of annual cases of any condition ever reported to CDC. Substantial increases were
also seen among reported cases of gonorrhea and syphilis. While young people and women are most severely
affected by STDs, increasing rates among men contributed to the overall increase in 2014 across all diseases.
Chlamydia
n
Cases reported in 2014: 1,441,789
n
Rate per 100,000 people: 456.1; increase of 2.8%
since 2013
Gonorrhea
n
Cases reported in 2014: 350,062
n
Rate per 100,000 people: 110.7; increase of 5.1%
since 2013
Syphilis (primary and secondary)
n
Cases reported in 2014: 19,999
n
Rate per 100,000 people: 6.3; 15.1% increase
since 2013
Syphilis (congenital)
n
Cases reported in 2014: 458
n
Rate per 100,000 live births: 11.6; 27.5% increase
since 2013
NOVEMBER 2015
2
Some Groups Bear a Disproportionate Burden of STDs
While anyone can become infected with an STD, certain groups, including young people and gay and bisexual men, are at
greatest risk.
Gonorrhea and chlamydia primarily affect young people
Surveillance data shows both the numbers and rates of reported cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea continues to be highest
among young people aged 15-24.
Both young men and young women are heavily affected by STDs — but young women face the most serious long-term health
consequences. It is estimated that undiagnosed STDs cause more than 20,000 women to become infertile each year.
Most Reported Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Infections Occur among 15–24-Year-Olds
Percentages may not add to 100 because ages were unknown for a small number of cases.
Gonorrhea
350,062 Cases
Reported
Chlamydia
1,441,789 Cases
Reported
0–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–39
40+
20%
33%
20%
17% 10%
1%
26%
39%
18% 11% 4%
1%
Troubling rise in syphilis infections among
men, particularly gay and bisexual men
Gay and Bisexual Men Face Highest – and Rising –
Number of Syphilis Inf
ec
tions
Note: Based on available data from states reporting sex of sex partners
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
MSM
†
6,000
MSW
††
Women
4,000
2,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2011
2010
2012 2013 2014
†
Men who have Sex with Men
† †
Men who have Sex with Women
Trend data show rates of syphilis are increasing at an alarming
rate (15.1 percent in 2014). While rates have increased
among both men and women, men account for more than
90 percent of all primary and secondary syphilis cases. Men
who have sex with men (MSM)* account for 83 percent of
male cases where the sex of the sex partner is known. Primary
and secondary syphilis are the most infectious stages of the
disease, and if not adequately treated, can lead to long-term
infection which can cause visual impairment and stroke.
Syphilis infection can also place a person at increased risk for
acquiring or transmitting HIV infection. Available surveillance
data indicate that an average of half of MSM who have
syphilis are also infected with HIV.
Disparities result from a range of factors
A number of individual risk behaviors (such as higher numbers of lifetime sex partners), as well as environmental, social
and cultural fac
tors (such as higher prevalence of STDs or difficulty accessing quality health care) contribute to disparities
in the sexual health of gay and bisexual men. For example, gay and bisexual men with lower economic status may have
trouble accessing and affording quality healthcare, making it difficult to receive STD testing and other prevention services.
Additionally, complex issues like homophobia and stigma can also make it difficult for gay and bisexual men to find
culturally-sensitive and appropriate care and treatment.
* The term men who have sex with men is used in CDC surveillance systems because it indicates the behaviors that transmit infection, rather than how individuals self-identify
in terms of their sexuality.
NOVEMBER 2015
3
STD Screening is Critical:
If you are sexually active, be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about STD testing and which tests may be
right for you.
Women:
n
If you are a sexually active woman younger than
25, or have risk factors such as new or multiple sex
partners, you should request annual chlamydia and
gonorrhea tests.
n
If you are a pregnant woman, you should request
syphilis, HIV, chlamydia, and hepatitis B tests early
in your pregnancy. If you have new or multiple sex
partners, you should also request gonorrhea testing
early in pregnancy.
Gay and bisexual men:
n
If you are a sexually active man who is gay, bisexual,
or has sex with men, you should request tests for
syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV at least once
a year. More frequent STD t
esting is recommended
for men at high risk.
Sources:
1. CDC. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2015. MMWR 2015 Jun 5; 64(RR-03);1-137).
I
f you are a member of the news media, please visit
www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/Ne
wsroom
or contact the
News Media Line at CDC’s National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention:
404-639-8895 or
NCHHSTPMediaTeam@cdc.gov
.
Other information requests may be directed to the Division of STD Prevention (
www.cdc.gov/std
)
or the
CDC-INFO Contact Center: 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636).
collect by............http://www.cdc.gov
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